Furnace-twyer



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. P. GAINBS. FURNAGE TWYERL Patented Nov. 3 0; 1897.

Jihfljorter. Ga'nefs.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AMBROSE PORTER GAINES, OF'SOUTH PITTSBURG, TENNESSEE.

FU RNACE-TWYER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 594,786, dated November 30, 1897.

` Application flied March 10,1897. serai No. 626,847. (No modem To all whom t may concern.:

Be it knownY that I, AMBRosE PORTER GAINES, a citizen of the United States, residing at South Pittsburg, in the county of Marion and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnace-Twyers for Blast-Furnaces, Cupolas, &c. as fully set forth in the following specification and as shown/on accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to obtain a more effective distribution of the blast than is possible with the usual form of twyers with a round discharge opening or nozzle or with an elongated opening of uniform width. This object is obtained by the use of a twyer provided with a horizontally-elongated blasty orifice or nozzle wider at one or more points or portions than in other'points lor portions, the effect being that the blast is delivered in the form of va thin lm or sheet of varying thickness instead of a round stream or column, as delivered from a round nozzle. A spreading or side-blast effect is also obtained by a peculiar design of the twyer-lip, as hereinafter noted and as shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a horizontal section of twyer with blast-pipe in position, with my invention4 applied thereto and having a round shank adapted to a round or conical cooler. Fig. 2 1s a vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 isa face or end view of the same. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of'twyer blast-pipe and cooler in position, said twyer having fan-V lipped elongated nozzle and rectangular shank adapted to rectangular cooler.` Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the same. Fig. 6 is a face or end view of the same. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of a blast-furnace through the twyer-line with twyers in position, showing the superficial blast area tributary to each twyer. Fig. 8 is a half side view and halfr vertical section of twyer with vertically enlarged orifice at center and sides. Fig. 9 is a half-front and half-diagram of same. Fig.

10 is a plane projection of twyer designed to deliver a uniform volume of blast to all points in the furnace area tributary to its action.

A is the blast-pipe; F, the cooler; G, the furnace-shell, and B the twyer.

The blast is forced through the round or cylindrical blast-pipe A into the twyer B,

. whose blast-orifice C is vertically contracted and horizontally elongated, the eifect being that the blast is delivered over a greater horizontal plane than is possible with the same amount of air delivered through a round nozzle of equal capacity.

The direction of the blast-discharge is governed by the form or outline of the nozzlelips. The strength and volume vof blast at any point may alsobe varied in the same manner and by vertical enlargement or 'contraction of the nozzle-orifice either at the sides or in the center of nozzle d, or both.

The `outer edges of nozzle-lips are approximately equidistant from the axis or center of the column of air deliveredby the 'round blast-pipe, as shown yin Figs. l and 4. As air under pressure will blow in the direction of the shortest route to less pressure, it is evident that by the use of the fan-shaped nozzle d an equal amount of air is delivered at right angles to the outer edge of this lip at all points of this fan-shaped nozzle, provided the vertical opening between the nozzle-lips d be uniform, and the blast will be horizontally and radially divergent, as shown by light'straight lines, Figs. l and 4. Now if a larger volume of air at the sides is desired the effect can be accomplished by iiarin g or vertically enlarging the blast-orifice at the sides and vertically contracting the blastorifice in the center, Figs. 3 and 6, or vice versa, should greater volume of blast be desired in center of twyer. A stronger center blast can also be obtained by cutting back or shortening the center of the twyer-nozzle in a vertical plane, thus shortening the distance from the axis of the blast-pipe to the lip at this point. V

. Any desired variation of force or volume of blast at any point may be obtained by varying the proportion of twyer-nozzle area to hearth area' at any point, or the twyernozzle larea may be made uniformly proportionate/at all points as follows: The supercial area of the hearth, Fig. 7, is divided into as many fields as there are twyers in the furnace, the boundary being a radial line midway between adjacent twyers. Each of these fields is tributary to its own twyer. The periphery of the nozzle is divided in a IOO 8 and 0. Transferring these lines to the plan view Fig. 7 they become points through which lines are drawn radial to the neutral a-Xis of the blast and at right angles to the periphery of the nozzle-lips and extended to their intersection with the outline of the field tributary to that twyer. The space (l 2, dac.) inclosed between any two of these lines inside of a given field is the exact hearth area tributary to that part of the nozzle-orifice included between these two straight lines. Hence by proportion the hearth area l, Fig. 7, is to nozzle area l, Figs. S and 9, as the total hearth area Z is to the desired ratio of the hearth area to nozzle area. Thus if the desired ratio of hearth area to nozzle area is fifty to one and the area of the field 2, Fig. 7, is two hundred square inches, the nozzle area 2, Figs. 8 and 9, would be 50: 1::200z4, four (at) inches. In the same way all other parts of the nozzle-opening may be definitely proportioned to meet the requirements for any ratio of hearth area to nozzle area.

I have found that by the use of a nozzle vertically contracted in the center and fiaring at the sides the blast along the sides ot' the furnace in some instances proved too strong, while the center-flared nozzle, with little or no fiare at the sides of the orifice, as shown in Figs. 9 and lO, gives the best results in furnaces of the form shown. Thus we have a combination in the center flare and the side flare; but it is evident that in furnaces of different design and requirements this fan-shaped elongated type of nozzle may be further varied in the form or proportion of its opening at any point to meet the different requirements.

If a uniform volume of blast at sides and center is desired, an orifice made in accordance with the plan shown in Fig. l0 Will meet the requirements. It is evident, however,

that if the nozzle-orifice were extended or widened no vertical enlargement at sides would be necessary, also evident that if the opening were brought nearer the center the vertical enlargement at the sides would have to be correspondinglyincreased to compensate for the dead-blast area along the Walls of the furnace. If, again, a disproportionately large volume of blast should be desired either at the sides, at the center, or at any intermediate point, all that is necessary is to increase `the vertical measurement of that particular point or points or restrict at adjacent points.

I have found that the form of nozzle-opening in which the central portion is widened or fiared is the `preferable construction in practice; but it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to this or any other form, as it is onlynecessary that the widened and narrowed'portions of the orifice be symmetrically disposed with reference to the central point of the opening.

I am aware that a twyer-nozzle having its lips shaped substantially on the arc of a circle with elongated orifice is old, and I do not claim such a construction; but

I do claim as my inventionl. The combination with the blast-pipe, of a furnace-twyer having nozzle-lips conforming approximately to an arc of a circle and forming a horizontally-elongated blast-orifice, said orifice having widened and narrowed port-ions symmetrically disposed with respect to the central point of the orifice, substantially as and for tlie purpose set forth.

2. The combination with the blast-pipe, of a furnace-twyer having nozzle-lips conforming approximately to an arc of a circle and forming a horizon tally-clon gated blast-orifice, said orifice being vertically enlarged at the center, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

AMBROSE PORTER GAINES.

Vitnesses:

A. A. Coon, E. E. DUNCAN. 

